Abstract: Transforming growth factor \|β (TGF\|β), a polypeptide, has been shown to have biological function and may be closely related to the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) formation. Smads pathway is the classic signaling pathway when TGF\|β elicits its pleiotropic effects. TGF\|β signaling plays an important role in the development of the vascular system. It can regulate the activation of endothelial cells in different stages by binding to its specific receptors ALK5 and ALK1, and modulate the differentiation of smooth muscle cells through the Smad3 and p38/MAPK signaling pathways. TGF\|β secretion is increased during the CNV formation, which play an important role in the CNV process. TGF\|β signaling pathway intervention may become a new target for the treatment of CNV. Intervention of TGF\|β signal pathway may become a new target for CNV treatment.   (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2015, 39： 111-116)